Ethics - Orangewerks Essay - 954 Words

A Question of Ethics, using Ferrell’s Framework Introduction Samarin is faced with the ethical dilemma of what to do regarding information in his possession that would allege unethical behavior within the OrangeWerks organization. After an analysis of the case, and evaluation of the identified alternatives, it is recommended that Samarin seek to clarify his concerns and attempt to rectify his ethical reservations regarding the organization. This proactive approach provides him the opportunity to right past wrongs, protect all involved parties and assist to establish a future framework for ethical decision making and communication within the organization. Framework Analysis Using the Ferrell Framework for Ethical Decision Making we†¦show more content†¦The behavior exhibited by the founders in intuiting that it was Samarin’s responsibility to load the illegal software, and in creating a financial management environment with an evidenced lack of financial restraint further demonstrates an organizational culture of low accountability and questionable ethical standards. While negligible in value, Samarin has been awarded a $5,000 bonus for past work that is conditional on a subsequent years work. When conditions provide financial gain, recognition or simply the good feeling from a job well done, unethical conduct appears encouraged. Recommendation Samarin must first confirm key information prior to taking any further action. To act on limited information and his perception of the facts would be irresponsible. Samarin should meet directly with the founders and get clarity on three issues. 1) was payment made for UNIX licensing, 2) what is the intent and significance of the 15,000 â€Å"fake† accounts, and 3) does the organization in fact have WSIB coverage in place for the organization. Their responses will direct him further. If the founders claim there is no need to seek licensing for the UNIX software, that the additional 15,000 licenses are part of the business marketing model to secure additional funding and that no financial implications are pursuant to the action, and that WSIB was an oversight

Critical Analysis of Mrs. Mallard - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 505 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/27 Category Literature Essay Type Critical essay Level High school Tags: The Story Of An Hour Essay Did you like this example? Culture teaches us that our existence is a mere reflection of what already exists. In Kate Chopinrs The Story of an Hour epitomizes the plight of women in the 19th century, as well as in the present day. Women frequently lived in loveless marriages where they were thought of more as commodities than as people. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Critical Analysis of Mrs. Mallard" essay for you Create order Additionally, Kate Chopin mirrors a reflection of society to show that women were not happy with the oppressive and submissive gender roles of 1890rs society. In the short story the character Mrs. Mallard could be said to represent women of her time period who were unable to find happiness in marriage and motherhood, not because itrs not found there, but because their freedom within marriage are restricted. Louise Mallard experiences what people in society today long for throughout their lives in relationships, freedom and happiness. Furthermore, immediately after the news of her husbandrs death, Mrs. Mallard races upstairs into her bedroom where she settles into a comfortable, roomy armchair (para. 4). The armchair symbolizes the rest from the oppressive life she had and freedom from societyrs expectations. Since it is tradition for women to be married by a certain age, Louise Mallard must have obligated to marry her husband Brently. Chopin suggests that all marriages, even the kindest ones, are inherently oppressive. During the 1890rs, women were owned by their husbands and had little to no control over their own live. Evidence of how little control women had over their lives can be found in the line from the story that reads, There would be no one to live for in those coming years; she would live for herself. Mrs. Mallard clearly has no hope for any independence or free will as long as her husband is alive. She admits that her husband wasnt really cruel to her but even if hes kind, even if he means well, he still has the power in the relationship. Therefore, the wife is always the lesser party. She must always bend to his will, she must live for him rather than for herself. A feminist critique shows how marriage does not allow for Mrs. Mallard to feel and sense of freedom or individuality. Bringing this inequality between genders to the forefront is one of the main goals of feminist literary criticism. Chopin shows through Louise Mallardrs musings that marriage where one person has more control than the other can make it harder for couples to love each other, because even though Mrs. Mallard feels for husband, her desire for her freedom is stronger. Even though this is years ago the same situations still occur today. The flaw in the marriage of the Mallards was definitely classified as an imperfection of life. It is very unfortunate that marriages have to be that way. In the time of the Realism period the marriages went wrong because the man thought he was superior to the women. Mrs. Mallard mirrors a reflection of womenrs independence who dream of getting out of the role playing Im just a wife.

Defining Freedom in Eric Foners The Story of American...

In Eric Foner’s book, The Story of American Freedom, he writes a historical monograph about how liberty came to be. In the book, his argument does not focus on one fixed definition of freedom like others are tempted to do. Unlike others, Foner describes liberty as an ever changing entity; its definition is fluid and does not change in a linear progress. While others portray liberty as a pre-determined concept and gradually getting better, Foner argues the very history of liberty is constantly reshaping the definition of liberty, itself. Essentially, the multiple and conflicting views on liberty has always been a â€Å"terrain of conflict† and has changed in time (Foner xv). Foner focuses, specifically, on how the definition of liberty has been†¦show more content†¦The redefinition of property not only affected the very meaning of freedom but also those entitled to enjoy it. Because economic resources, like civil rights, possessions, and land, is easily accessible, the limitations for men expanded. Nonetheless, the qualifications were still the same and in order to vote one had to be white, male, and own property. As civil rights were being expanded, it also played a role in the meaning of religious freedom. Because government were not allowed to interfere in personal matters, religious decisions were free from governmental interference. During the 18th century, the meaning of freedom has changed in so many ways. In Chapter three, we can also continue to this change. Social conditions such as the three process that occurred during the revolution also affected the meaning of freedom. The first was territorial expansion, Manifest Destiny being the underlying idea behind it, and moving westward to acquire more land meant more property could be own. It also reinforced the promise of economic opportunity given that with more land one was able to own a farm and participate in the market revolution. And with the revolution reaching its highest point, property owning qualifications for voting was eliminated and political democracy, the second process, mean â€Å"not ownership of property, but ownership of one’s self† (Foner 52). Voting was still the very meaning of freedom. However, voting was not the only definition of freedom

Auditory and Non-auditory Effects of Noise on Health

Questions: 1) Identify and describe the six main factors that determine the duration and severity of noise-induced hearing loss. 2) Identify and describe three physiologic non-auditory effects of noise. 3) Identify and define three eye disorders and discuss how each is related to the occupational environment. Answers: 1. The six factors that determine the duration and severity of noise-induced hearing loss are identified to be, Firstly, Intensity of sound which is directly proportional to the ear damage. The lowest sound that is audible to the human ear is 0 dB and the highest is 180 Db. Exposure to a high intensity of sound says 85 dB or above for prolonged period may significantly damage hearing (Seidman Standring, 2010). Secondly, Frequency of sound, the measure of a pitch. It is measured in Hertz. The pitch is directly proportional to the frequency of sound. A pitch of about 2000- 4000 Hertz is recognized to cause hearing loss. During the noise induced hearing loss, people cannot hear sound with higher frequencies (Smith et al., 2014). Thirdly, Duration, the length of exposure to noise. Longer the duration of the exposure to noise, the more is the hearing loss. For the unprotected ear, the highest level of the permissible noise per day is 115 dB for 15 minutes. Fourthly, Occupational noise, the sound related to the workplace, say noise exposure in construction sites, Iron and Steel industries (machinery, etc.). Regular exposure to 85 dB or noise level above it is known to cause significant hearing loss gradually (Le Prell et al., 2012). Fifthly, Non-occupational noise, the sound related to community, environmental or residential areas such as noise due to lawn mowers, musical instrument, firecrackers, etc. When exposed on the regular basis, it can directly affect hearing. Lastly, Genetic factors may be responsible for hearing loss, which is gradually manifested with aging. Older people commonly have hearing loss problem; however, it may or may not be due to genetic effect (Smith et al., 2014). 2. Prolonged exposure to noise may cause non-auditory effects in addition to hearing loss such as hypertension, mental health problem, respiration problem, sleeping problem, and muscle stress. The physiologic non-auditory effects of the noise are discussed in subsequent sections. Occupational noises are mainly higher than residential or community noise and mostly cause the non-auditory effects. For example, traffic noise, construction areas, airports. According to Pirrera et al., (2010), exposure to environmental noise, can increase annoyance, results in sleep loss and a causative factor of cardiovascular disease. It is accompanied by hypertension, changes in the pattern of the heartbeat, changes in the diameter of blood vessels especially those in skin, change in blood pressure and changes in heart rate. Patients with cardiovascular diseases are highly susceptible to stroke and hence are recommended to stay indoors or in the environment with little noise. Experimental studies conducted by Basner et al., (2014) in laboratory conditions showed that continuous exposure to noise disturbs the Mental health. It decreases the ability to sustain attention. It is associated with the increase in annoyance and stress, with constant exposure to high level of noise. Researchers thus believe noise as "non-specific stressor" that disrupts mental health. Literature research provides evidence of the sleeping disorder that is Insomnia resulting due to noise exposure for prolonged period. Loss of sleep may be caused by disturbed nerve cells, increased muscle tension and changes in respiratory reflexes. Muscle tension occurs due to loud noise. Muscles burst into activities by more contraction for protecting the body from exposure to loud noise. Similarly, loud noise tends to alter the respiratory rhythms (Le Prell et al., 2012). 3. Several eye disorders have been identified that arise due to a workplace environment. For example, IT professionals spend more time in front of the computers developing myopia or hypermetropia. Workers with the high level of eye injuries include those working in construction sites, chemical industries, and other manufacturing services. The primary eye disorders related to the occupational environment are: Firstly, Low vision, people may not be able to see objects that are near to eye or at long distance. The former is called shortsightedness, and the later is called long sightedness. The increase in eye pressure changes the size of eye-lenses. People who are mainly vulnerable to low vision problem include IT professionals, teachers, drivers, tailors, carpenters, etc. This kind of work requires high focus thus gradually affecting the eyes over time. In several cases, low vision gradually leads to blindness (Liu et al., 2013). Secondly, Chemical eye burn, employees in Chemical industries is exposed to harmful substances that may be toxic in nature. The severity of the eye injury depends on the pH of the chemical. Early signs of chemical burn include pain, irritation, tearing, and redness, swelling of the eyelids and blurred vision. Delay of treatment in case of the acid or alkali burn may cause permanent vision impairment, glaucoma, and cataract (Berger et al., 2013). Surgeries may not always be successful in the delay of treatment causing permanent damage to vision. Thirdly, Conjunctivitis, characterized by the redness of eyes and severe inflammation. The causative factors are the virus, pollutants, pollens, smoke, etc. It occurs mainly in workers dealing with pesticides, fertilizers, gardeners, factories having machines, which produce the significant amount of smoke. As the employees work bare eyes, they are highly vulnerable to such infections (Smedley et al., 2013). References Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., Janssen, S., Stansfeld, S. (2014). Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health.The Lancet,383(9925), 1325-1332. Berger, S., McAteer, J., Schreier, K., Kaldenberg, J. (2013). Occupational therapy interventions to improve leisure and social participation for older adults with low vision: A systematic review.American Journal of Occupational Therapy,67(3), 303-311. Le Prell, C. G., Henderson, D., Fay, R. R., Popper, A. N. (2012).Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. Springer. Liu, C. J., Brost, M. A., Horton, V. E., Kenyon, S. B., Mears, K. E. (2013). Occupational therapy interventions to improve performance of daily activities at home for older adults with low vision: A systematic review.American Journal of Occupational Therapy,67(3), 279-287. Pirrera, S., De Valck, E., Cluydts, R. (2010). Nocturnal road traffic noise: A review on its assessment and consequences on sleep and health.Environment international,36(5), 492-498. Seidman, M. D., Standring, R. T. (2010). Noise and quality of life.International journal of environmental research and public health,7(10), 3730-3738. Smedley, J., Dick, F., Sadhra, S. (Eds.). (2013).Oxford handbook of occupational health. OUP Oxford. Smith, R. J., Shearer, A. E., Hildebrand, M. S., Van Camp, G. (2014). Deafness and hereditary hearing loss overview.